A 5,000 year-old pyramid has been completely levelled in Peru

  George Dvorsky 7/03/13 2:30pm

Just to refresh your memories, a construction crew demolished a 2,300 year-old Maya pyramid several months ago in Belize. They did so to extract crushed rock for a road project. The Ministry of Tourism and Culture calling the wrecking of the ceremonial center "callous, ignorant, and unforgivable."

Now a similar incident has happend in Peru, but this pyramid — the El Paraiso — was much older and far grander. It is — or rather IT WAS — one of the oldest structures constructed in the Americas, consisting of 12 pyramids covering over 64 hectares.

This is what it looked like prior to demolition:

Peru This Week reports:

Archaeologist Frederic Engel said in a report that El Paraiso could have held between 1500 and 3000 inhabitants and required over 100,000 tons of rock to construct, which was taken from the hills surrounding the structure, and was likely used for religious and ritual purposes. Evidence shows the culture living there was from the Late Pre-Ceramic Age (2000-3000 B.C.E).
Despite its obvious importance to Peruvian culture, this pyramid was knocked down and later burned by several clandestine groups that entered the site on Saturday.
Archaeologist Marco Guillén Hugo was in charge of the research and excavation of this site and reported to El Comercio that he had reason to believe two private building companies, Compañía y Promotora Provelanz E.I.R.L and Alisol S.A.C Ambas, were behind the destruction.

Guillén says it's not the first time they've tried to "take over this land." The Ministry of Culture says the land is under state control, despite the companies' efforts to claim the property.

Underground Pipeline Spills an Estimated 25,000 of Gasoline on Crow Reservation in Montana

By Matt Volz / AP


A Phillips 66 pipeline with a record of prior accidents spilled an estimated 25,000 gallons of gasoline in a remote area outside a small town on Montana’s Crow Indian Reservation, but no public health problems were anticipated, federal officials said Friday. A representative of the Houston-based oil refinery and chemical company said the amount of leaked gas likely was less than initially reported, although no alternate figure was offered. The initial estimate came from a report submitted by the company to the government’s National Response Center. Federal and tribal officials and the company worked Friday to determine what caused the break in the 8-inch underground line. It occurred about 15 miles southwest of Lodge Grass, a town of about 430 people near the Wyoming border. The same line has seen at least three spills over the past two decades.

 The latest spill was not expected to enter any surface water supplies, and no public health problems were anticipated, the company said. It was discovered late Tuesday by operators in the company’s Bartlesville, Okla., pipeline control centre, who noticed a pressure drop along the line, according to federal officials and Phillips 66 Co. spokesman Dennis Nuss. It’s uncertain how long the line had been leaking or whether any of the gasoline can be recovered. “We’re still assessing the area,” Nuss said. “The line has been excavated in order to be able to be repaired.” The closest residence is about 2 miles from the spill site, said Curtis Kimbel with the Environmental Protection Agency. He confirmed that no streams or lakes were in the immediate area but did not know if any underground aquifers were present. About 45 Phillips 66 workers were involved in the response and initial cleanup efforts, Nuss said.

Contaminated soil likely will be removed in coming days, although the cleanup plan will have to be approved by government agencies before it can be carried out. The Seminoe pipeline carries gasoline, diesel and other refined petroleum products from Phillips 66′s Billings refinery to Wyoming, Utah and Colorado. It has a maximum daily capacity of 46,000 barrels, equivalent to more than 1.9 million gallons. Nuss said the line was shut down within five minutes of the pressure drop. It was not reported to the federal response centre until Wednesday morning, after company workers reached the site and confirmed the spill, Nuss said. Gasoline is highly toxic. Unlike oil, it can evaporate, making the cleanup on the reservation potentially more straightforward as long as no water bodies are tainted by the fuel. “That’s not saying it won’t have an effect on the environment, but it’s not like oil which seeps into the ground and sticks around,” said Damon Hill, a spokesman for the U.S. Department of Transportation’s Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration. However, if water is involved, gasoline can be more damaging than oil, because it seeps through the ground more quickly and mixes in with water, making it harder to remove, said Carl Weimer executive director of the Pipeline Safety Trust, an advocacy group based in Washington state. Gasoline also gives off more dangerous fumes and can ignite more easily than crude oil, he said.

 The same pipeline broke twice in a week in 1997, spilling a combined 2,300 barrels of gasoline near Lodge Grass and Banner, Wyo. The spill near Lodge Grass was estimated at 1,612 barrels of gasoline, while 704 barrels of gasoline spilled near the Wyoming community. The line’s former owner, Conoco Pipe Line Co., reached a $465,000 settlement with federal prosecutors over Clean Water Act violations related to those spills and another pipeline break near Conrad, Mont., in 2001 that spilled 30 barrels of crude oil. The latest incident near Lodge Grass comes almost two years to the day after a major crude oil spill into Montana’s Yellowstone River. That 63,000-gallon spill from an Exxon Mobil line cost the company more than $135 million in cleanup and repair costs. Nuss said it was too early to come up with a cost estimate for the Seminoe spill, and it’s unclear when the pipeline could resume operations. “Obviously we want to make sure the line’s safe and there’s no further problems,” Nuss said.