British Israelism
The main body of evidence cited by believers in British Israelism consists of what they consider to be Biblical identification marks and the birthright blessings given to Joseph (Genesis 49:22; I Chronicles 5:1-2) and to his two sons Ephraim and Manasseh (Genesis 48:14-20), which they believe apply to Britain and America. Adherents believe that biblical prophecies reveal that Israel will lose all trace of her lineage (Isaiah 42:19, Hosea 1:9), will become a great and mighty nation (Genesis 12:2, 18:18, Deuteronomy 4:7-8), be named "Great," (i.e. Great Britain) (Genesis 12:2), will be a blessing to other nations (Genesis 12:2-3), that they will become many nations (Genesis 17:4), that their descendants will be Kings and rulers (Genesis 35:11), that they will keep the Sabbath (Exodus 31:13), that they will be a missionary nation (Isaiah 49:6, 66:19), will rule over others (Genesis 27:29, Deuteronomy 15:6), become envied and feared (Deuteronomy 2:25, 4:8, 28:10), that they will lend to other nations (Deuteronomy 15:6), that Israel will inhabit the 'isles' of the sea (Isaiah 24:15), that Israel's new home will be northwest of Eretz Israel (Isaiah 49:12), and that it will spread abroad (Gen. 49:22).
Franco-Israelism
Franks, and/or the Merovingian dynasty, were direct lineal descendants of one of the twelve tribes of Israel, specifically the Tribe of Benjamin. It is a variation on British Israelism. The claim originated in the Priory of Sion hoax created by Pierre Plantard and Philippe de Chérisey in the 1960s, but it resurfaced in 1982 with the book The Holy Blood and the Holy Grail and in 2003 with the DaVinci Code.
Pashtun Israelism
Taaqati-Nasiri, states that in the 7th century BC a people called the Bani Israel settled in Ghor, southeast of Herat, Afghanistan, and then migrated south and east. These references to Bani Israel agree with the commonly held view by Pashtuns that when the twelve tribes of Israel were dispersed (see Israel and Judah and Ten Lost Tribes), the tribe of Joseph, among other Hebrew tribes, settled in the region. This oral tradition is widespread among the Pashtuns. There have been many legends over the centuries of descent from the Ten Lost Tribes after groups converted to Christianity and Islam. Hence the tribal name 'Yusef Zai' in Pashto translates to the 'sons of Joseph'.
The first traces of Judaism in Ghana appeared in 1976, thanks to a Ghanaian man named Aaron Ahomtre Toakyirafa. Living in the community of Sefwi Sui in Western Ghana, Toakyirafa had a vision and "spoke with spirits" driving him to believe that he and his fellow Ghanaian's were indeed descendants of the Lost Tribes of Israel. He saw a clear connection and many similarities between his peoples practices and those of Judaism. For example, it was a tradition in Sewfi for Saturday to be a day of rest. Such a strong tradition that Sewfi that didn't adhere to it were frequently punished. Sewfi also followed the Jewish dietary law restricting the consumption of pork. Members of the male community were circumcised in youth. Toakyriafa was first viewed as crazy but over time his vision became more and more readily accepted.
Nearly all of the Ethiopian Beta Israel community, comprising more than 120,000 people, reside in Israel under its Law of Return, which gives Jews and those with Jewish parents or grandparents, and all of their spouses, the right to settle in Israel and obtain citizenship. The Israeli government has mounted rescue operations, most notably during Operation Moses (1984) and Operation Solomon (1991), for their migration when civil war and famine threatened populations within Ethiopia. Some immigration has continued up until the present day. Today 81,000 Ethiopian Israelis were born in Ethiopia, while 38,500 or 32% of the community are native born Israelis.
The Lemba are a group of people in southern Africa. Although they speak Bantu languages similar to their neighbours, they have specific religious practices similar to those in Judaism and other Semitic traditions. They also have a tradition of being a migrant people, with clues pointing to an origin from Yemeni Jewish peoples.
They have restrictions on intermarriage with non-Lemba. It is difficult for male non-Lemba to become part of the community. A significant number of individuals carry a genetic signature on the Y chromosome known as the Cohen modal haplotype, indicative of a Semitic patrilineal ancestry. Amongst Jews, this Y chromosome trait is particularly associated with the Kohanim or priests, a distinct subgroup of Israelites. It can also be found in other non-Jewish Y-DNA Haplogroup J populations across the Middle East and beyond. Whether or not the Lemba are descended from Jewish ancestors, they have not practised Judaism for many centuries. Although the vast majority of Lemba do not see a contradiction in proclaiming their Hebrew heritage while practising Christianity or Islam, lately some have wanted to shift towards mainstream Judaism.
Igbo Israelism
The Igbo Jewish of Nigeria are one of the components of the Igbo ethnic group. They are said to have migrated from Syrian, Portuguese and Libyan Israelites into West Africa. Historical records shows that this migration started around 740 C.E. According to amateur Historian and Forensic Science investigator Chinedu Nwabunwanne of Aguleri, who resides in Los Angeles and has researched this subject for more than 15 years at the UCLA libraries in Los Angeles, "Ibo Jewish migration started when the forces of Caliph Mohammed leader of Qaysi-Arab Umayyads of Syria defeated the Yamani-Arab Umayyads of Syria in 744 C.E. and sacked the Yamanis and their Jewish supporters from Syria.This initial migrants were the tribes of Gad, Asher, Dan, and Naphtali. Later, they were joined by Judean migrants from Portugal and Zebulonian migrants from Libya in 1484 and 1667 respectively.These six Israelite tribes constitute the House of Judah or The House Of Jacob. Moses mentioned their names twice when he blessed the children of Israel. The remaining six tribes not mentioned in this write up constitute the House of Ephraim or The House Of Israel."
Certain Nigerian communities with Judaic practices have been receiving help from individual Israelis and American Jews who work in Nigeria, out-reach organizations like Kulanu,[4] and African-American Jewish communities in America. Jews from outside Nigeria founded two synagogues in Nigeria, which are attended and maintained by Igbos.
Uganda (Abayudaya) Israelism
a Baganda community in eastern Uganda near the town of Mbale who practice Judaism. Although they are not genetically or historically related to other ethnic Jews, they are devout in their practice of the religion, keeping their version of kashruth, and observing Shabbat. There are several different villages where the Ugandan Jews live. Most of these are recognized by the Reform and Conservative sects of Judaism. However, the villagers of Putti are still seeking an Orthodox conversion and practice strict Rabbinical Judaism.
According to historical records, a Jewish community lived in Kaifeng from at least the Northern Song Dynasty (960–1127) until the late nineteenth century and Kaifeng was Northern Song's capital. It is surmised that the ancestors of the Kaifeng Jews came from Central Asia. It is also reported that in 1163 Ustad Leiwei was given charge of the religion (Ustad means teacher in Persian), and that they built a synagogue surrounded by a study hall, a ritual bath, a communal kitchen, a kosher butchering facility, and a sukkah. During the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644), a Ming emperor conferred seven surnames upon the Jews, by which they are identifiable today: Ai, Shi, Gao, Jin, Li, Zhang, and Zhao; sinofications of the original seven Jewish clans' family names: Ezra, Shimon, Cohen, Gilbert, Levy, Joshua, and Jonathan.
Jewish peoples of the eastern Caucasus, mainly of Azerbaijan and Dagestan. They are less commonly East Caucasian Jewish peoples, because the majority of these Jewish persons settled the eastern part of Caucasus, though there were also historical settlements in Northwest Caucasus.
Bukharan Jews
Reside in the Emirate of Bukhara (currently Uzbekistan and Tajikistan), while a small number lived in Russia, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, Kyrgyzstan and some other parts of the former Soviet Union. In the Emirate of Bukhara, the largest concentrations were in Tashkent, Samarkand, Bukhara, and Khokand. In Tajikistan, they similarly were mainly concentrated in the capital, Dushanbe.
There is a tradition among the Bukharan Jews tracing their ancestry to the Lost Tribes of Israel to the Tribe of Napthali and to the Tribe of Issachar who may have been exiled during the Assyrian captivity of Israel in 7th century BCE. A second wave of Jewish peoples into Central Asia are said to have been descendants of the Israelites who never returned from the Babylonian captivity after exile in the 6th-5th century BCE. The Bukharan Jewish peoples of Central Asia were essentially cut off from the rest of the Jewish world for more than 2,500 years but somehow managed to survive and preserve their Israelite identity and heritage in the face of tremendous odds. They are considered one of the oldest ethno-religious groups of Central Asia and over the years they have developed their own distinct culture. Throughout the years, Jews from other Eastern countries such as Iraq, Iran, Yemen, Syria, and Morocco migrated into Central Asia (usually by taking the Silk Road), as did Jews who were exiled from Spain during the Inquisition; all these joined the Central Asian Jewish community and were later collectively known as Bukharan Jews.
Djerba Israelism
Jewish minority, which has dwelt on the island for more than 2,500 years, although populations have declined recently due to emigration to Israel and France since 1967. The group of Jews were a close group of Cohanim, a tribe in Judaism and they remained Cohanim up until recently-not losing their traditions. The El Ghriba synagogue is the oldest and one of the most famous in the world, and has been a synagogue for 2,000 years.
India Israelism
In addition to Jewish expatriates and recent immigrants, there are five native Jewish communities in India:
1.The Cochin Jewish peoples arrived in India 2,500 years ago and settled down in Cochin, Kerala as traders. Tradition says that the first Jews came en masse to Cranganore (an ancient port, near Cochin) after the destruction of the Temple in 70 CE. A chieftain by the name of Joseph Rabban was granted a principality over the Jewish peoples of Cochin by the Chera Emperor of Kerala, Bhaskara Ravivarman II.
2.The Bene Israel arrived in the state of Maharashtra 2,100 years ago.
3.The Baghdadi Jewish peoples arrived in the city Mumbai from Iraq, Iran, and Afghanistan, and Arab countries about 250 years ago.
4.The Bnei Menashe are Mizo and Kuki tribesmen in Manipur and Mizoram who claim descent from the tribe of Manasseh.
5.The Bene Ephraim (also called "Telugu Jews") are a small group who speak Telugu; their observance of Judaism dates to 1981
--wiki--
Reside in the Emirate of Bukhara (currently Uzbekistan and Tajikistan), while a small number lived in Russia, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, Kyrgyzstan and some other parts of the former Soviet Union. In the Emirate of Bukhara, the largest concentrations were in Tashkent, Samarkand, Bukhara, and Khokand. In Tajikistan, they similarly were mainly concentrated in the capital, Dushanbe.
There is a tradition among the Bukharan Jews tracing their ancestry to the Lost Tribes of Israel to the Tribe of Napthali and to the Tribe of Issachar who may have been exiled during the Assyrian captivity of Israel in 7th century BCE. A second wave of Jewish peoples into Central Asia are said to have been descendants of the Israelites who never returned from the Babylonian captivity after exile in the 6th-5th century BCE. The Bukharan Jewish peoples of Central Asia were essentially cut off from the rest of the Jewish world for more than 2,500 years but somehow managed to survive and preserve their Israelite identity and heritage in the face of tremendous odds. They are considered one of the oldest ethno-religious groups of Central Asia and over the years they have developed their own distinct culture. Throughout the years, Jews from other Eastern countries such as Iraq, Iran, Yemen, Syria, and Morocco migrated into Central Asia (usually by taking the Silk Road), as did Jews who were exiled from Spain during the Inquisition; all these joined the Central Asian Jewish community and were later collectively known as Bukharan Jews.
Djerba Israelism
Jewish minority, which has dwelt on the island for more than 2,500 years, although populations have declined recently due to emigration to Israel and France since 1967. The group of Jews were a close group of Cohanim, a tribe in Judaism and they remained Cohanim up until recently-not losing their traditions. The El Ghriba synagogue is the oldest and one of the most famous in the world, and has been a synagogue for 2,000 years.
India Israelism
In addition to Jewish expatriates and recent immigrants, there are five native Jewish communities in India:
1.The Cochin Jewish peoples arrived in India 2,500 years ago and settled down in Cochin, Kerala as traders. Tradition says that the first Jews came en masse to Cranganore (an ancient port, near Cochin) after the destruction of the Temple in 70 CE. A chieftain by the name of Joseph Rabban was granted a principality over the Jewish peoples of Cochin by the Chera Emperor of Kerala, Bhaskara Ravivarman II.
2.The Bene Israel arrived in the state of Maharashtra 2,100 years ago.
3.The Baghdadi Jewish peoples arrived in the city Mumbai from Iraq, Iran, and Afghanistan, and Arab countries about 250 years ago.
4.The Bnei Menashe are Mizo and Kuki tribesmen in Manipur and Mizoram who claim descent from the tribe of Manasseh.
5.The Bene Ephraim (also called "Telugu Jews") are a small group who speak Telugu; their observance of Judaism dates to 1981
--wiki--
No comments:
Post a Comment